This is not for Shuggles, who is a man who sealions on here often. Don't waste your time, he just likes the attention.
This is for the rest of us:
Childhood abuse and sadomasochism: New insights
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1158136021000888?via%3Dihub
"An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1219 participants who were queried regarding childhood psychological, sexual, and physical abuse.... The results confirmed that childhood abuse, especially sexual, increases sadomasochistic tendencies. These increases varied by gender such that abused males exhibited more sadistic preferences and females more masochistic. Levels of sadism and masochism varied with history of abuse and gender. The analyses also resulted in triple interactions for both masochism and sadism, as well as in several simple effects. There were no gender differences for heavy masochism and passive sadism, however, light masochism was more prominent in females, and heavy and light sadism was found more commonly in males. Additionally, the presence of any form of abuse was connected with significantly higher heavy, light and passive masochism and sadism."
And this only looks at the association between *child sexual abuse and sadomasochism. Patriarchy commits many other harms on girls and boys as well, including encouraging power-seeking, violence, and resentment towards women in men, and fear of men, rape, and the consequences of sex in women. Unsurprisingly, that shit often enters the sexual sphere. A lot of research on BDSM focuses on the male experience and psychology, not the women - how surprising - but this study draws the link between gender expectations and BDSM:
Alignment Beyond the Binaries: The Relationship Between Expansive Gender Identities and Flexible BDSM Roles in a Large-Scale International Sample
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42029818/
"The present study tested gender differences in BDSM roles, fantasies, and practices in a large, international sample of BDSM practitioners (n = 1104). Within a sample of 474 cisgender women, 421 cisgender men, and 209 gender-expansive (non-cisgender) individuals, 264 identified as exclusively left-of-slash (Dominant, Top, Sadist, etc.); 369 as exclusively right-of-slash (submissive, bottom, masochist, etc.); 78 as a combination of left-of-slash and right-of-slash roles but without identifying as switches; and 393 as switches. Significant relationships between gender and BDSM role emerged such that cisgender women tended towards right-of-slash roles, cisgender men tended towards left-of-slash roles, and gender-expansive individuals tended towards switching. Similarly, cisgender men reported more dominant and sadistic fantasies and activities than cisgender women or gender-expansive individuals, and cisgender women reported more submissive and masochistic activities than cisgender men or gender-expansive individuals and more submissive and masochistic fantasies than cisgender men. Gender identity groups and BDSM role groups differed significantly by age, but including age as a covariate changed the significance of only one analysis."