A previous poster has already replied to you about why you are wrong on both counts, but I would just like to expand on
"...how can you possibly find out you have half siblings or that your dad isn't your dad through this?"
It is done through a process called "autosomal DNA testing".
An autosomal DNA test measures your autosomal chromosomes, which make up the majority of your DNA. You inherit these chromosomes equally from both of your biological parents.
DNA comes in long stretches called chromosomes. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46. There are two broad categories of chromosomes, autosomal and sex chromosomes.
- Autosomal chromosomes, 22 matching pairs, make up the bulk of your DNA. Almost everyone has a complete set of them. An autosomal DNA test looks at the DNA from these 22 chromosome pairs.
- Sex chromosomes are made up of X and Y chromosomes, which differ in size and function. People usually have either a pair of X chromosomes or X and Y chromosomes.
Companies like Ancestry will look at around 700,000 DNA markers across all 22 pairs of chromosomes.
They will then look for large areas of shared DNA (where the DNA markers are the same in both people) between you and other people in their database. The greater amount of DNA shared between you and another person, measured in units of centimorgans (cM), the more closely you are related.
"...how can you possibly find out you have half siblings or that your dad isn't your dad through this?"
If your dad is your dad then he will typically share around 3,500 cM of DNA with you. If he is not your dad then you will not share any DNA at all.
However, if you don't have the father's DNA then it's slightly more complicated with half-siblings as there can be an overlap between the typical values found for a full-sibling and a half-sibling. Unless the amount of DNA shared is particularly low or particularly high then it could be either.
So, if the amount of DNA shared is between 1,600 cM and 2,400 cM then the other person could be either a half or full sibling.
You would then need to look at more distant relationships.
If both of the siblings are related to other people on the father's side of the family (I'm assuming here that they have the same mother) then that would indicate that they are full siblings.
If one sibling is related to other people on the father's side of the family but the other sibling is not, then that would indicate that they are half-siblings.