With Camilla being Queen consort rather than another title, whereas QE2 had Prince Phillip DoE
First Queen Regant was Henry VIII daughter Mary - second his other daughter Elizabeth.
Till then was a grey area we could have them on English throne - I think Mary Queen of Scots was first in scotland - cousin to them and same time period. French throne couldn't even inherit down female lines - Hanoverian throne could inherit down female line but couldn't have a female ruler. Poland - they just use King for both sexes when Regant - as they couldn't have ruling queen but nothing said King had to be male they did that in 1384 King Jadwiga.
Prior to that in England had The Anarchy (1135–1153) was a devastating 19-year civil war in England and Normandy. It was a bitter succession dispute between Empress Matilda (also known as Empress Maud) and her cousin, Stephen of Blois, triggered by the sudden death of King Henry I's only legitimate male heir. Half the country refused despite oaths to have a queen regnant - compromise later was it went to her son skipping her entirely.
So it was an unclear area. Mary had to take up arms against her cousin Lady Jane Grey supporters to take throne.
Mary I had trouble with having a husband - he did have title of King Consort - but had no power in UK and was King in own right - wives were suppose to obey at time - it was a mess. Elizabeth avoided by not marrying.
Mary Queen of Scots married three times - first husband heir to French thone did become King of Scots. Second husband she did make King of Scots but she refused to grant him the "Crown Matrimonial," which would have allowed him to rule as a co-sovereign in his own right. It caused issue with marriage and in wider power struggles - just like Mary I. Third husband she didn't she made him Duke of Orkney instead.
Next Mary Queen Regnant - was co-monarch with her husband William third in line to throne anyway. She and her husband, William III, were crowned as joint monarchs of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1689 - invited to invade called glorious revolution.
Her sister was next queen regnant - Ann's husand was a prince in own right - but she kept him away from power but gave him title of Duke of Cumberland. It's sort of then idea starts that* *female monarch's husband is titled a Prince Consort
Then Victoria was next queen regnant and she tried to give her husband King Consort title but the British Parliament and public fiercely resisted the idea.
So by time got to Prince Philp - Prince consort and a dukedom was the accepted way of dealing with spouse of a queen regnant. It's very much an evolved convention for our royal family.