Re: the increase in exam passes.
What I did notice over the years was that whenever there was a change in the exam system - whether that was a change in the exam board set-up or the introduction of a new exam - the marking tended to be a bit more lenient in the first year of the new set-up.
This is the first year of Qualifications Scotland being in charge; that might have had a minor impact.
I do know that - overall - the introduction of a significant amount of coursework over the years has made a difference to results.
I understand the arguments in favour of coursework, but it does make it easier for middle class parents in particular to game the system - and that really has no direct link with whichever political party is in power.
I know that the SQA would use Turnitin to check coursework for plagiarism, but that only happened if the marker flagged up a problem and, naturally, it couldn't detect if there had been input from a tutor or some other adult.
Coursework alone wouldn't be enough to get someone over the line, but if you're talking about someone who isn't completely at sea with the subject, then it's often enough to do the trick.
I can think of two instances where coursework was sent to the SQA in spite of protestations from the classroom teacher and PT - they were overruled by the HT. In one case, the work had clearly been completed by a tutor but the candidate's overall performance was so bad that they still failed completely.
In the other case, the candidate hadn't completed the then mandatory units, so failed to get their award.
Yes, there are protocols in place to stop cheating, but as soon as candidates are allowed to complete some of the work at home...
I'm sorry to say that there are also cases of teachers giving pupils too much help with coursework, though such cheating is often picked up.
The only way of avoiding it completely would be to go back to the pre-1980s system of having all work done in the exam or - with orals, etc - under the supervision of an outside examiner.
The bigger emphasis on coursework began with Standard Grade - there was an overlap with "O" Grade for a few years. I recall "O" Grade being used briefly as a "second chance" for pupils who had failed to get General or above for Standard Grade, since Standard Grade didn't allow for resits.
With Higher, the major change came with the introduction of Revised Higher. That in turn was replaced or revamped a few times, but each time a decision was made to keep the "Higher" name - though it was initially suggested that the first iteration of the CfE Higher should be called "National 6".
Having said all that, I acknowledge that some aspects of the newer Highers are more challenging than the old S.E.B. Highers from 40+ years ago. My major concern is the coursework problem. I really do think that it disadvantages children from certain socio-economic groups.