There tends to be more Victorian terraced housing between the train station and the centre of town - in most of the streets close to the centre actually, though there are pockets of modern/older semis etc as well.
Thorpe Acre is ok - your nearest primary school for the streets you've looked at would, I think, be Stonebow, which I don't know but it'd be easy enough to research. Unless you're Catholics and looking for church schools, or considering going private - both are viable options in Loughborough but the state schools are good too.
I don't really know Hathern, but I'm guessing it'll be popular with commuters as it's beautifully placed between Loughborough and the M1.
I know a few people who live in the new estates around Woodthorpe - plenty of young families. That area is fine too, I personally wouldn't live there myself because it feels a bit sterile and in the middle of nowhere to me - lots and lots of houses on winding streets but nothing else. But that's personal preference of course.
I'd avoid Shelthorpe too.
All the places you mention are a drive out of town. Not an issue in one way as they're not far out, but you need to bear in mind that parking in town on Saturdays and Thursdays (market days) can be a nightmare, and rush hour traffic into/through town can also be horrific, especially during term time. Woodthorpe for example would mean coming in on the A6 or via Epinal Way and they are notorious black spots in rush hour.
Again, that's just something you need to bear in mind.