algorithm (from Arabic, the clue is the "al" bit)[1]
Basically a series of steps to perform a task. It's from algorithms that you build computer programs.
When used in advertising and social media, it generally means the series of steps applied to consumer data that extracts a notion of their tastes and preferences to allow the money advertisers spend on injecting their messages into your life to go as far as possible.
If you remember that you were unlikely to see adverts for F1 Motorsport in Womans Weekly, you'll realise this is nothing new.
[1]the MAGA movement are so dim that I live in hope someone picks up the origins of algorithm (and alcohol while we are at it) and gets MTG to ban this enemy indoctrination.