I also hold Knauf entirely responsible for introducing an egregious harm against Meghan by using the word ‘bully’ in his email. This was sneaky for it went behind her back and quite clearly the ploy was to reach William’s ears. Upward bullying tactic of the first order.
“3. Vertical Upward Bullying
“The least recognisable and least reported is Vertical Upward Bullying, when a subordinate bullies a manager or supervisor. Branch et al. identified, because of the lack of formal power, upward bullies are more likely to use covert methods such as rumour, gossip, and withdrawal of information to create the necessary power imbalance to undertake the bullying.
Previous research has identified gender can play a factor. For example, some subordinates not recognising the legitimacy of the female boss. This finding was noted in the 2021 House of Commons Defence Committee (HCDC) report, where “overt hostility towards, and bullying of, women (often first into post)” was reported by interviewees.
Zapf et al. reviewed the empirical evidence on the prevalence of workplace bullying and the perpetrators. They found “64.5% were bullied by supervisors, 39.4% were bullied by colleagues, and 9.7% were bullied by subordinates”, leading to the assumption “generally, superiors are seldom bullied by subordinates”.
Since perpetrators of bullying are predominantly assumed to be in a position of power, there appears to be limited support or lack of understanding for managers when they are a target of upwards bullying. This can result in the “bullies receiving support from higher management” rather than the manager (target), and due to this lack of support, managers are more likely to leave the organisation than reach a resolution. Managers are also less likely to report the bullying as they do not want to be seen as a failure and feel it is a reflection on them. Research has also found perpetrators of Upward Bullying can and do use the internal grievance system to target their managers.”
Knauf behaved unprofessionally in what was an unhappy, toxic environment. And has since been rewarded, sadly.
https://bfi.co.uk/blog/bosses-get-bullied-too-exploring-upward-bullying/