Off the island, post escape/rescue/swim for freedom, Kate's trial happens and she is cleared of most stuff basically, she can't leave the state but no prison. Turns out that there is some meeja story about the plane crashing in the sea, most people drowning and Kate saving people's lives. We discover that Jack loves her but something is holding him back, and that Kate is telling the world that Aaron is her son. Evidently Claire was so dull, even the people who crashed on the plane with her forgot she existed.
We saw that Juliet was having an affair with Goodwin, the Other that Anna-Lucia killed. He was married to someone else.
Sayeed is working for Ben in the future, seemingly killing off all of Charles Widmore's employees and Ben is blackmailing Sayeed with something, possibly the survival of those left on the island.
There's a epic story about Desmond and Penny, when Des and Sayeed make the trip to the freighter ship in the crashed chopper. des suffers from some sort of time distortion sickness due to the magnetism surrounding the island (or something) and following a long drawn out and very sciency story about constants, mind time travel and crap, he communicates with Penny and she knows that he is still alive and Des is okay. That is a VERY bad explanation, but it's just about impossible to explain it properly.
Aside from all that, we also basically see that Ben is evil, all controlling and wonderfully played as a character.