In the early school years teachers generally try to teach the basic English spelling patterns first, i.e. words which use the main spelling patterns:
/a/ - |cat|,
/a-e/ - |plate, plain, play|,
/ar/ - |car|,
/air/ - |care|,
/au/ - |sauce, saw|,
/b/ - |bed|,
/ch/ - |chat, catch|,
/d/ - |dog|,
/e/ - |end|,
/ee/ - |eat, funny|,
/er/ -|herb|,
/f/ - |fish|,
/g/ - |garden|,
/h/ - |house|,
/i/ - |ink|,
/i -e/ -|bite, by|,
/j/ - |jug, bridge, oblige|,
/k/ - |cat/ot/ut, c/l/ram, comic, pick, kite/kept, seek, risk, quick, fix|,
/l/ - |lips|,
/m/ - |man|,
/n/ - |nose|,
/ng/ - |ring|,
/o/ - |on, want, quarrel|,
/o-e/ -|bone, old, so|,
/oi/ - |coin, toy|,
/oo/ -|food|,
/oo/ -|good|,
/or/ - |order, wart, quarter, more|,
/ou/ -|out, now|,
/p/ - |pin|,
/r/ - |rug|,
/s/ - |sun, face, lunacy|,
/sh/ -|shop, station, cautious, facial, musician|,
/t/ - |tap, delicate|,
/th/ - |this|,
/th/ - |thing|,
/u/ - |up|,
/u -e/ -|cube, cue|,
/v/ - |van, river, have|, (cf. bitter, rat, rate)
/w/ -|wind|,
/y -/ - |yes|,
/z/ - |zip, wise|,
/zh/ - |vision, treasure|.
But hundreds of common English words don't use the main spelling patterns for all their sounds, especially not the vowel sounds (any, one, only, friend, said), and so children have to learn to spell many words individually, rather than by pattern or rule.
They are usually taught some of the most common ones first, because they are the ones that children need to use in their own story telling.
Among the 300 most high frequency words listed in Letters and Sounds, the following 135 are all tricky to spell for one or more reasons:
the, he, be, we, me, she,
of, to, was, want, all, call, one, said,
you, by, my, only, come, could, do, down, into, look, now, other, right, some, there, two, when, what, where, which, who, your,
are, have, before, more, were,
been, here, see, their,
another, any, many, saw, water, small, laughed,
bear, great, head, ready, ever, never, every, eyes,
find, friends, giant, I?ll, I?m, key, live, river,
people,
pulled, put, thought, through, were, work, would,
coming, everyone, gone, most, mother,
oh, once, clothes, cold, old, told, grow, how, know, snow, town, window,
book, food, good, room, school, soon, too, took, door,
feet, green, keep, need, queen, sleep, three, tree, trees, each, eat, sea, tea, please, even, these,
I, I?ve, cried, night, right, by, fly, my,
after, asked, can?t, fast, last, plants, animals, dragon, magic.
They tend to get sent home for learning in various small groups.
Masha Bell