You can grow just about anything in a pot.
I have a potato bin on my patio, you can get tomatoes (tumbling) put them in hanging baskets, and (tumbling) strawberreies in hanging baskets - brilliant for stopping slugs and snails etc.
Get some window boxes and you can grow butternut squash, caugettes, chillis
Get a drain pipe and you can grow carrots in it, keeps them straight too
Runner and broad beans are good too, get a big pot and put 4 in one in each corner, get 4 bamboo sticks and make a teepee,
You can buy plants from garden centres rather than starting from seed and getting bored.
I use Organic soil bought from Homebase for £3.99 a sack, I also use net curtains over my beans and strawberries to stop greenfly and birds. I dont use any pestacides.