Generally speaking leavers we're more likely to be motivated by cultural rather than economic considerations, whereas the economy was far more important to Remainers.
Part of this is explained by the age divide where older voter who are more financially secure and have fewer work years left have less of a worry about the economy anyway.
Thus for them cultural change is the thing they want and is their priority and they are less financially exposed to risk in the first place.
Remainers find it hard to understand the priority given to culture versus economics for this reason.
Remainers do have cultural considerations and reasons for wanting to stay in the EU too but the main argument they use to stay in the EU has always been the economic rather than the cultural one.
Indeed I do think that this weakened the remain argument at the time because the remain was being promoted by the then chancellor Osborne which rather undermined the economic argument as he personally wasn't trusted by a lot of people.
Which feeds into the send part of why the economic argument didn't and doesn't work.
The idea of economic hardship didn't connect with 'left behind types' because they were of the opinion it couldn't get any worse than having nothing to begin with, so they had nothing to lose in the first place. Thus they wanted to show two fingers to the Tory government and two fingers to Remainers who were of working age, were comfortable and always had good opportunities in life due to access to education, at what they regard as, the left behinds expense.
None of this has particularly changed since the ref and indeed these socio-economic divisions have only really become wider and a cultural war has developed in which no one is prepared to really face up to the inadequacies in society that 'their own side' doesn't really want to face up to and admit.
The ref basically played into all the cracks and fractures in society by highlighting problems but no one really wants to admit these problems and do anything about them because there is cultural / economic / political cost in doing so.