I think the problem is with the word 'naughty' in itself. It's subjective and actually meaningless because it describes the failure to meet/follow an expectation held by the person using the word rather than the behaviour of the child. And one person's 'naughty' will not necessarily be the same as the next person's. Certain ways of behaving will always be 'naughty' or 'good' but there is a huge grey area in the middle that is dependent on situation and personal expectation.
Autism is one factor that affects the subjective nature of 'naughtiness'. Other additional needs, mood, family circumstances, bullying, boredom, incentive, hunger, personality, peer pressure, desire for attention etc are some of the others.
I don't think children are 'naughty' for no reason, any more than I think they demonstrate other types of behaviour for no reason. Humans behave in a particular way because they believe they will get something they want or need from that behaviour at that particular time - whether that's reassurance, confidence, fun, attention or something else.
I think you can even include an autistic meltdown in that assertion - it's a coping mechanism for a brain that is overloaded and needs to shut off. Some people might describe that as 'naughty'. It isn't of course but is it any more accurate to call a small child screaming and throwing things in a supermarket because it's 2 hours past their lunch and nap time naughty? Or a child who has been told for some arbitrary reason decided by someone else that they are not to eat any sweets on a school trip but does so anyway as naughty.
I would say all three of those things are behavioural choices which make sense to the child and suit them at that time. If someone else describes them as naughty that's not necessarily the child's problem (though of course it might be!
Meanness, bullying and anything that affects other people as well as the child producing the behaviour is a very different thing.