I can identify with some aspects of this, though I'm lucky in that my DP (who is the father of our DS) is very involved.
Our DS is two and is a bit of a demon for biting, scratching, etc. This is definitely behaviour he does to get a reaction - with the piece de resistance being yanking our glasses off our faces. Sometimes this is in response to "being thwarted" (not being allowed to grab the cat's tail/eat cat food/play with the oven, etc). Sometimes, and I find this much harder to deal with, it comes out of nowhere and this is often directed at DP.
We think there are a number of reasons for this, one being that he sees DP (and in fact other male relatives such as my DSis's fiancé when he and my DSis, who he adores, are around) as a rival for my (DSis/preferred female relative) attention and affection. He also has relatively few words, though we get new ones each week, and I'm sure some of it is frustration, even though he often communicates very clearly what he wants.
What we have found helps includes the following:
- if he scratches/hits, we hold his hands and tell him calmly that we don't hit/bite, etc. If he persists, I warn him that I'll move him, eg at soft play that he'll have to go and sit in his pushchair if he continues.
If he does, I follow through, and give him a minute and see if he's willing to "apologise" (he pats gently as a peace offering!) or whether he carries on scratching. If the latter, I say Oh Dear in a very matter-of-fact way and amble off, returning a minute later to see if things have changed. When he "apologises", we hug and start again.
The main things that make a difference to us are enough sleep, lots of positive attention, and loads of being out and about - garden, park, etc. He likes us to play with him but it doesn't have to be anything expensive - football is always good, this week's favourite is toys down the slide, he finds it hilarious to "do gymnastics" with me and watch me do handstands good job our garden isn't overlooked 
We only ever remove toys momentarily and if the toy in question is, for example, being flung.
I can confirm that staying calm helps! I think his behaviour has been exacerbated by a house move and a degree of uncertainty at home, so we're trying to keep everything very calm and gentle where possible.
I really sympathise, it's hard work, and especially if it's directed at your DP as well - how does he react?