This is going to sound like a major digression, but it isn't.
Several years ago, I read a very sad thread on here by a woman whose bloke continually belittled her intellect and tastes - in particular the fact that she only liked pop music while he, the superior intellectual type, preferred classical music. The reason it stuck with me was that my ex had been exactly the same but with the musical tastes reversed. He belittled my interest in classical music as "like painting by numbers because you only play music from sheet music written by other people" while he was the true musician because he wrote his own songs.
And it struck that the problem was not the taste, or belief, or preference, or belief-system (or lack of it). Two men, in two parallel situations, believing the precise opposite of one another, but still using their own belief as a means of belittling something that mattered to their partner.
It was the unshakeable sense of male superiority: "because I am a man, and therefore possess the testicles of ojectivity, what I believe is the divine, given by the light of reason, unassailable truth, and you, little woman, are talking nonsense." The actual belief didn't matter at all.
I'm getting more than a whiff of that from your descriptions of your husband, OP. Sorry! 