“From my POV, with high-drive dogs, they need the chance to fulfil their genetic drives: I think providing that is one of the basics of dog ownership. For a minimal amount of aversion, they reap a lifetime of off-lead freedom, which massively improves their welfare. To be kept on lead virtually all the time when out would seriously frustrate them and cause a lot of issues (I know what one is like if she gets limited freedom and inadequate time spent on training and mental stimulation). You have to weigh these things over the lifetime of the dog, which is what welfare scientists do. “
But again, that’s a false dichotomy... I’ve had one dog that was virtually always on lead and that was because he was potentially dangerous to humans, he still got off lead time, but yes that was very limited and controlled. That though was a complicated situation because it was also involving balancing his needs for exercise with the medical issues that caused the aggression and nothing at all to do with prey drive.
Dogs that’ll chase sheep and or wildlife though, from experience of having them... tbh, it’s not a huge deal, you have to put a bit more effort into finding somewhere they can be completely loose, some walks where a dog with reliable recall could be loose need a trailing longline and more effort from you to keep aware of what’s around you and some walks would be on lead no matter what dog you had.
Current dog doesn’t have a particularly high prey drive, but he’s a rescue with bad socialisation so can have dodgy recall round dogs, or things he thinks could be dogs... we disagree over whether horses or deer want to meet him.
I can usually predict which bits of walks dogs will be on, horses are in fields, mostly, but occasionally they’re being ridden, deer do what they want.
So, he’s on lead for some places, a longline for other and then off for other bits.
Sometimes I can’t be bothered so I drive to somewhere he’ll be mostly off lead, sometimes I take him into a town where he’s on lead only so he can see traffic and things.
🤷♀️