I hope you managed to have a fruitful and positive discussion.
I get the 'martyr' concept of wanting to be a good Mum, but can you put that aside? You are a good Mum, and have been for many years, aided by a flexible job and a high salary. Now you continue to be a good Mum by considering the whole family and how your potential decision will impact on everyone.
Your dh isn't really doing the same. He's doing a job he like and enjoys, but the price is that it isn't flexible (or so it appears) and therefore it doesn't take into account the needs of the whole family - including you. I can understand his pov where in comparison to his income, you earn plenty. But this is not just about money. It's about opportunity and fulfilment for you, and it's not selfish to want that.
There is always the risk that by not going further in your career, you may jeopardise your current position. What then. You may well find yourself in the situation where you have to take a lesser paid role, which may have much less flexibility. How would you both cope then?
Are there ways in which you can use work travel time to do life/family admin? I always found the dead time in airport lounges, or on trains, an excellent time to tick off the boring tasks such as insurance renewal, meal plan and shopping order, writing Christmas cards, meant I could get home and be present for everyone. Plus I used the 'away' time for some self care - a hotel with a pool, a massage, an hour to join an online yoga class or meditation group.
If things are really impossible re: early mornings and after school, are there any older teens locally who might walk your dc to school, or supervise breakfast. Not the same responsibility as babysitting since your dh might also be there most of the time.
If you're in a senior role I imagine you are pretty creative with problem solving. Use those skills now.