I haven’t read the encyclical, not surprisingly, so no in-depth knowledge of its contents, but as reported in the media, it’s basically an addition to the church’s social teaching on contemporary issues like AI and immigration with Biblical stories invoked for colour/illustration as much as anything.
One of the differences between Catholicism and other stripes of Christianity is of course papal infallibility— what the Church says has always been as important as what the Bible says. Bear in mind that it was only in 1965 that Catholics began having their main religious service in their own language. That’s going to have an effect. There’s never been the same kind of stress on Bible study or Scripture being the sole source of revelation as in Protestantism, because according to the Catholic catechism, Catholic apostolic ‘tradition’ (as in, the belief that Catholic practices are as handed on directly from the apostles) is as important.
I can’t stress to you how devout my parents were/are — daily mass goers, nightly rosary, weekly confession, prayer groups, pilgrimages, novenas et etc, and how central their faith is to their lives, but I’m not sure we ever had a Bible in the house when I was growing up. Endless prayer books, holy pictures, missals, rosary beads, statues etc, but no Bible. And I don’t think that’s unusual for that generation.
ETA In relation to your last point, sure, but Catholics are getting that from the Catholic catechism/teachings, not direct from the Bible.
I’m not claiming Catholicism regards the Bible as some irrelevance by any means, it’s just not anywhere near as central as in some other branches of Christianity.