I focused on women here because there’s often an assumption that women’s career choices are always unquestionably positive or empowering, whereas men’s trade-offs are more openly criticised.
I find this is more often the other way around, where mothers are openly criticised no matter what we do, with father's trade offs discussed far more rarely and in wider culture often dismissed as worth discussing. Men putting career first is culturally the default, with men who take less intense careers to put family first treated as an oddity to put more praise on than a women gets in the same situation or meets scorn for not being more masculine.
I think culturally, from an early age, success and ambition as treated as only relating to careers - even the OP discusses pursuing success only in terms of a career even though success can come from many areas of life. Having an ambition in marriage, family, home or in other areas of life treated as nonsense or old-fashioned, with travel being an exception and often only if still connected either with a career or earned from a career - if someone seeks to travel without that, they're often treated as a leech or immature. It's no wonder that many people frame their success closest to their careers in this environment.
I also disagree that there is an assumption that women’s career choices are always unquestionably positive or empowering - it depends on if it fits into the idea what is considered empowering. Having two daughters who did well at GCSE and chose vocational routes for post-16, they were openly questioned and criticised by their school for not choosing a more 'ambitious' academic path and my older daughter does not meet much positivity years on from 'just' being a teaching assistant.
I don't think my older son has had much discussion on the 'trade offs' of pursuing engineering, even working 6+ weeks at a time at sea, he's fairly open that they drill into him and his peers on how much money they can make once they're fully qualified with little discussion on wellbeing. The view is loud and clear that the predominately male profession he's in that the money makes up for the limited time with anything else. His father and I have had those lifestyle conversations with him, but even then, it leans towards making the money until he can reach certain goals and then getting more balanced work. It's just baked in that that will be worth it in the end, even if we can't be certain on that.