Ok from your first link:
Discrimination
When assessing discrimination, we created a sum score representing the number of areas of life where participants experienced discrimination. Participants were asked: “During the last 12 months, have you personally felt discriminated against because of being [RESPONDENT CATEGORY] in any of the following situations?”, with response options of Yes, No, Haven’t done this, and Don’t know. These options were provided for seven distinct domains: “when looking for a job”, “at work”, “when looking for a house or apartment to rent or buy”, “by healthcare or social services personnel”, “by school/university personnel”, “at a café, restaurant, bar or nightclub”, and “at a shop”. We then aggregated the yes responses to form the discrimination variable. Thus, this variable represents the breadth of discrimination experiences, with higher scores (ranging from 0 to 7) indicating exposure to discrimination across more domains, independent of the frequency of occurrences within each domain.
So they asked if people "felt" discriminated against, instead of actually collating recorded or proven instances of actual unlawful discrimination against trans identified males, it is reliant on self reporting of a much wider and more varied group of people.
Violence
Experiences of violence were assessed by the item “In the last 5 years, how many times have you been physically or sexually attacked at home or elsewhere (street, on public transport, at your workplace, etc.) for any reason?” Responses included never (0), once (1), twice (2), 3-5 times (3), 6-10 times (4), more than 10 times (5), and all the time (6). The responses Not sure and Prefer not to say were treated as missing values. A higher score on this variable indicated more instances of exposure to physical or sexual violence.
There is no quantification on what qualifies as "physical violence" here, as we know words are literal violence according to TRA's, and again this is not a study of actual reported incidences of physical violence against trans identified males, it is reliant on self reporting of a much wider and more varied group of people.
Country and national LGBTQ+ rights
Participants selected their current country of residence from a drop-down menu. As an indicator of differences in overall LGBTQ+ rights between countries, we used scores from the Rainbow Europe Country Ranking (ILGA Europe, Citation2019). These scores range from 0% to 100% and compare countries’ legal standards with their European neighbors. The index is constructed by evaluating 72 types of laws and policies within seven categories; equality and nondiscrimination, family, hate crime and hate speech, legal gender recognition, intersex bodily integrity, civil society space, and asylum. Low LGBTQ+ rights scores indicate that a country has substantial violations of human rights and significant discrimination on the basis of sexual and romantic orientation or activity, gender identity, and gender expression. In contrast, high LGBTQ+ rights scores indicate that a country respects human rights and ensures equality through recognition and specific protection of LGBTQ+ people under the law in all areas of society (ILGA Europe, Citation2019).
So not the UK then. This is a very wide ranging (as in open and crowded field), kind of self reporting, not really proper evidence, study isn't it?
I will read the other one too, but am aware the thread is running out.