I agree that society and systems are usually the biggest contributing factor, this often influences parenting (poverty, deprivation, capability of parents, parents own experiences etc)
It does play a part in ‘some’ cases, but not all.
One common theme I find in most situations actually is loss, whether that’s relationship breakdown, absent parents, or death. There is rarely a person I work with where loss doesn’t feature in their life, and often not a direct result of parenting, parenting can often be very good alongside this.
most children who offend are teenagers, where actually the world outside their home (contextual safeguarding) plays a bigger part in their life than home.
not saying parenting isn’t relevant it is, but it’s definitely not always parenting or even always partly the parents fault.