@Emotionalsupportviper Sounds like your 8 yr old Springer was possibly very poorly 'socialised' at the critical young age where dogs learn not to be afraid of people and things.
A Dog rescue said dogs who have been rescued from hoarder situations where a dog has spent it's crucial early weeks in a bare room are very fearful, as they just haven't experienced stuff and learned by a comforting older dog or human that there is nothing to worry about.
A Whippet in Australia was like this.. terrified of everything..detested women.
He had spent almost 18 months in a shed. {I followed his story over the internet}
A vet suggested euthanasia as he was so fearful and unhappy, but he was reunited with an older female Whippet from the same 'hoarder' situation, and he now lives alongside her.
Still fearful of people, but he isn't aggressive, and lives a much happier life alongside the Whippet ..it's thought she could even have been his mother.
The Daily Mail have come up with this as a 'Defence' against dog attacks.....
Not sure how much use it will be though as attacks happen fast and clear thought can go out of the window by this point.
''Cutting off the airway'' seems to be what Pit owners do in USA. Again, needs clear thought and a suitable noose like device to put around the dog's neck..easier said than done.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13055513/How-defend-XL-Bully-attack-dangerous-dog-expert-advice-banned-breed.html