This is from NICE, explaining that their recommendations for the use of NRT in pregnant smokers is based in part on a 2020 Cochrane systematic review which found that:
The use of NRT in pregnancy was not found to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy or fetal outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, birthweight, low birthweight, admissions to neonatal intensive care, caesarean section, congenital abnormalities, or neonatal death. One randomised placebo-controlled study found a higher rate of infant survival without developmental impairment at two years of age among the infants of those randomised to receive NRT.
https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/smoking-cessation/management/pregnant-or-breastfeeding/
(you'll find this in the first 'Basis for Recommendation' drop down box on the page).
There are indeed plenty of publications on the risks of nicotine to the foetus and sperm and they are generally extremely poor quality. For some reason US tobacco control has decided that nicotine is the enemy rather than lit tobacco and is engaged in widespread policy-based evidence making.
Looking at the Mayo Clinic article you posted:
Most electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) contain nicotine, which permanently damages a baby's developing brain and many other organs.
That's a remarkable claim for which they present no evidence. Giventhe widespread use of NRT in pregnancy before vapes were even invented, it's astonishing that there is not solid epidemiological data by now to back up their assertion. Unless it's simply not true, as the Cochrane review indicates.
But research suggests that pregnant women who vape believe that using e-cigarettes is less harmful than smoking cigarettes.
Yes, they correctly believe this!
Some also might use e-cigarettes during pregnancy because of the perception that the devices can help them quit or reduce cigarette smoking.
Again, this is true! The women are correct in their belief.
Absolutely we don't need a whole new generation addicted to nicotine who would never have considered smoking but the way to achieve that is not to post alarming misinformation that causes unnecessary worry to pregnant women who are trying to quit.