I can remember, aged 11, in the 1970s feeling really frustrated with a friend who couldn't come to the town on a Saturday without her father having to drive her. But then my DPs always made me go everywhere alone and even tho we had a car wouldn't come and get me. I walked to dance class after school on my own, aged 6.
BUT I was recently talking about it to my DM and remembered the feeling of absolute terror aged about 9, waiting for a bus in the dark over the other side of the city on a completely deserted road. It couldn't have been that late, probably only 7pm.
I walked to school on my own from 5 as well, but there just wasn't the traffic there is now.
For my 10 yo DD to walk to school on her own she would have to cross the dual carriageway via 2 pelican crossings, a number of side roads and a main road that is supposed to be 20mph but no-one sticks to it and drivers often don't stop. Her teacher doesn't let them out of class unless she can see a parent, although the Y4 teacher just lets them go
. They are only allowed to be unaccompanied in Y6.
Her siblings had a complicated school journey so DC1 was driven to school until 6th form; DC2 walked to secondary with friends; DC3 (SEN) I took to secondary for first term then after that I drove him to my work and he walked from there; DC4 walked to secondary with DC3.
Actually none of them went out on their own until they were well into their teens (purely logistics of getting around) but they are all adults and totally independent, so I don't think it did them any harm.