My experience is with Swedish children. I think the main difference is in a sense of usefulness.
Even at nursery they are trained to prepare their own lunch; by mid-primary school it would be a normal expectation for a child to be able to bake a cake on their own and an 11yo to cook supper. My nephew could do a mean stir-fry by the time he was 6 or 7.
They are taught DIY from an early age: my nephews were using hammer and nails aged 4. So by the time they get to their pre-teens they can actually be useful around the house, and parents do tend to involve them.
Crafts lessons at school tend to result in things that they can take home and actually use: candlesticks, stools you can sit on, clothes they can wear. I have never seen my dc here in the UK come home from school with anything remotely useful.
They are trained up in outdoors skills very early (life-saving, recognising signs of hypothermia, basic navigational and map-reading skills), and are taught that they are responsible for their own safety from an early age. So by age 11 or 12, no one bats an eyelid if they take the dinghy out on their own or go to the beach with their mates (beaches admittedly safer there, as no tides).
Teenagers do experiment with drink and sex (less so, I think, with weed). But there is less incentive to take risks around these things, because there are so many other ways of feeling independent.
Basically, there was nothing the Famous Five did that my nieces and nephews wouldn't have been able to do, with the exception of having unlimited soft drinks and being able to chase strangers of their island.