The problem with people smoking outside in order to protect their family and home from smoke is that the smoke is much more likely to effect other people, my neighbours close all their windows and doors before they smoke to prevent the smoke going into their own home but as we don't know when they are going to smoke the first we would know of it is when our home already has smoke in it.
Plenty I'm not concerned that the 15 seconds the door is open every couple of weeks is going to let enough bird poo to make ds's asthma worse, I have not been advised to avoid bird poo, I don't let ds play in the bird poo.
I haven't told the neighbours about the effect second hand smoke could have on ds, they don't care that their smoke comes into our home and I feel that it would be almost blackmail if I say to them that their smoking could cause ds breathing difficulties. I never see them because we don't use the balcony and we don't share an entrance, I don't think I'd recognise them or they'd recognise us if we walked past each other in the street. I don't know if mediation would be an option as neither them or us are doing anything illegal, there has been no aggressive words, there has been no communication at all, people in Sweden tend to communicate by angry notes rather than actually talking to each other. I think that is the only reason they stopped smoking the summer dp asked them because they were terrified that dp might talk to them again.
There are very strict rules, no bbqs on balconies, not even electric ones, no cats unless they are on a lead 
if you break those rules you get in trouble but otherwise there isn't any consequences even if youraactions are unpleasant for your neighbours.