What a thoughtful, lovely thing you did, prioritizing literature, beauty, and love. Your friend is shallow, materialistic and unfortunately, ignorant. If she wanted to throw it out, she should have thanked you for the present and said nothing, store it in a box for when the child grows up and can make his/her own decisions about what they read, or put it in the trashcan in silence. Of all things that an be wasted like that, plants, and books, are what hurt me most. In 20 year's time, when very few of us have access to printed press, that book would have been a little relic, an antique.
I would give far less gifts to that friend's child from now on. People who mind the price of everything know the value of nothing. I have had similar experiences when gifting, even brand new things that I wish I could buy for myself and I haven't. A tiger eye necklace comes to mind. Very beautiful, quite pricey. My mother in law at the time, (the person on the receiving end) ignorant of its value, (because it came from poor-mouse me), assumed it was worthless. After never wearing it and keeping it for 2 years in a box, she was about to put it outside with a box of stuff to be picked up by whomever, and a friend of her saw it, and wanted for herself, saying "Oh my god! these are real tiger eyes! with a clasp of gold!" Of course my ex MIL immediately reacted and said "oh! really? well, I'm not giving them away". This person broke a lovely iron-cast frame I had gifted her before with delicately pressed dried flowers on the frame "unintentionally", and forgot in a restaurant, the day I gifted it to her, a cashmere scarf I had brought her from a trip to Peru. (I did keep that one). These are passive aggressive acts that show ill will and profound ignorance. your friend did not need to be aggressive.
Maybe be you can tell your friend exactly what you told us: "I'm sorry you did not like my gift for X... to me, that it was a second hand book was not a consideration: the fact that it was an antique, (or will be soon), and it is beautiful, and it has a history behind (the history of the person who read it before), pulled a heartstring, and I wanted share that warm feeling with your child. I would have rather you returned the book to me, instead of throwing it out. I would have loved to keep it. If you still have it, I will be happy to take it back". She should be able to see she hurt you. An apology is in order.