Sorry, I thought you were referring to people seeking asylum.
369k came on work visas. 78,000 we’re on temporary work visas, e.g. to bring in harvests, so they wouldn’t stay or need permanent homes. They’ll stay in caravans on farms etc.
Lots of people who come on skilled work visas are probably coming for a limited time (e.g. US citizens who come to work in UK for two years and then go back). So they wouldn’t all stay for decades and need long-term homes. Because they often have to be sponsored by an employer, they may get a relocation package to cover housing.
There were 27,000 health and care visas granted in 2024. But it’s massively dropped (81% fewer than in 2023). The problem is that if we restrict them too much, there may not be enough doctors, anaesthetists etc to treat people.
And, with impact on housing, you don’t look at head of population, because most people don’t live alone: they live in households with family members or as sharers. Immigrants tend to live in larger households.
The big increase in households and therefore housing demand is due to UK nationals being more likely to live alone (e.g. pre-marriage, post-divorce - when one household splits into two - and after being widowed). Plus, private house-builders suppressing supply to keep prices high.