Zebras, this is something of an ethical issue. My BIL and SIL are both doctors and its relevant to their job - particularly in an A&E and psych setting. I've had this conversation with them because of my extreme fears of HCP and wanting to know what my rights to refuse actually were.
You DO have a right to refuse treatment of any kind, but its not quite that simple and clear cut. There is a massive difference between a non-emergency situation and a emergency one. The case that sakura mentions is a non-emergency one in which it was able to go to court.
In emergency situations where a wish has been expressed and recorded ahead of time, then again its something that has been discussed between patient and doctors.
Where it gets tricky is emergency situations where there is no expressed wish ahead of time and the doctor may have some reason for concern about the mental health of the patient or about whether they are able to make an informed decision.
And this is the point, a doctor has to feel that a refusal of treatment is not only a refusal of consent but also based on informed decision making where they can fully demonstrate that the patient has full understanding of the implications of that decision.
In theory if there is a refusal, then the doctor is obligated to perhaps offer an alternative treatment or continue to extreme the severity of the situation to the patient in the hope they might change their mind. They have to do so being careful of whether they are applying undue pressure as also means that consent might not be being given freely.
It also might get more complex if they then find themselves in a situation where the patient is incapacitated and now unable to express a wish - if they feel that they have been unable to convey the severity of the situation to the patient.
Its a really grey area. If a doctor does go along with what the patient has said in this situation they might face disciplinary action for poor standards of care and neglect of duty to look after the physical and mental wellbeing, so they have to be absoluetely bloody sure that if they don't treat they can justify it. Yes they might face a complaint and disciplinary if they do treat but at least the patient is still alive to make the complaint.
As a rule, I believe they tend to intervene if they are concerned about the behavior of the patient and their mental health if there is no advance directive for this reason. It is the advance directive part that is important as it puts in writing that a person has had a fully informed discussion about a potential situation and the consequence in an environment where emotions aren't running high and decisions need to be made very quickly indeed.
Reducing it to saying 'well the patient said so' in a emergency situation could leave some vulnerable patients in a very dangerous position and could make it impossible for very good, professional and well intentioned doctors to practice at all.
Saying that you have a right to refuse treatment is overly simplistic and doesn't really cover the nuance of what that means in practice.
At one point I spent a lot of time trying to work out how I could legally has an expression of wish to avoid certain situations, such was the extent of my fears. Its not a healthy place to be, and yes it might well be a reflection of a mental health issue - like extreme anxiety in my case. This is where recognition of that ahead of time are so crucial and why an ongoing discussion over the subject between HCPs and patients is essential. In the end what I needed was not a directive, but support and understanding of my problems through communication. This involved thinking about alternative birth plans to the one I really wanted.
In the case of the woman in the OP, its probably the case (and I don't know) that this wasn't something that happened, and doctors might well have thought she / they were not able to make that judgment call in that emergency situation. From whats said in the article, I suspect she has been treated poorly in terms of attitude, but that does not mean the doctors acted unethically and unprofessionally in helping her, despite what she was saying either.