I wish I knew
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They are the equivalent of fraternities and they supposedly give you contacts after graduation and a bunch of instant friends when you are on campus. During the university years they do a lot of partying - lots and lots and lots of partying - with frat boys and there are (what I consider) really silly traditions held dear by each one.
On many campuses you can tell the sorority girls by a sort of uniform - one campus sorority uniform style that I am particularly familiar with features lots of makeup and hair that is 'done', crappy t-shirt and nylon shorts, finger and toenails done, flip flops or slides. Or black leggings and brown Uggs or other brown boots, with a sweatshirt, and hair and face that are too well put together for the rest of the outfit. They live in sorority houses, pay dues, often have meals prepared by a professional cook.
As far as I can tell, sororities cement gender roles and reinforce the importance of conformity, and encourage groupthink. They are for the most part very obviously racially segregated. You don't find lesbians who are out, or even girls with very curly hair in sororities.
There are elaborate signing up processes and rituals, and young women applicants who don't fit the image don't get invited to join. The first week or two on campus in many universities is dominated by fraternity and sorority recruitment. Groups of girls walk around together in uniform t-shirts with name tags during a week of sorting and sifting and evaluating by established members. There is a lot of matching clothing. I think it's all really bizarre.
DD1 pledged a sorority in her freshman year - in a women's college which I thought was a bit redundant. Then she transferred to a place that doesn't have them. None of my other DCs have joined a fraternity or sorority.
I am no further along in my understanding of what the heck it is all about after reading these Cosmo articles:
www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/advice/a5207/sorority-girl-problems/
This is a bit more illuminating:
www.buzzfeed.com/terripous/the-no-bullshit-guide-to-sorority-rush?utm_term=.pjOMZxBjV#.yp6zKp3Z7
But I still don't know Why?