I have 3 teens. The oldest is a boy.
I totally relate to some of your comments- arrogant, doesn't back down, pain in the arse.
dh is the gentlest most non confrontational person I know, not a violent bone in his body, but he and ds had some humdinger rows when ds was 13-16.
But, if I am honest, ds and I did too.
There were times when we came very close to this, and it was really us working as a team which stopped it. The other parent came in and intervened. Part support of other parent if ds was really out of order, and part standing alongside and being the restraint just by being there.
Dh and I talked long and hard over some things. I am a teacher, and work with families, so I have lots of techniques - in theory. We talked through all the classic teen things like: picking your battles, and with ds, once he got cross, taking a step back and letting his anger go past you and come back to the issue once he has calmed down. Things like choosing 'punishments' and not just throwing - you've lost your phone - into every argument etc etc.
I think some teens are really really hard work. I think that as parents we have to recognise that we need to learn too, and that we get some things wrong. Decide as a couple where your lines in the sand are with ds, and make them as flexible as you can. eg for us, ds being violent towards his younger siblings was a line in the sand.
talk to dh. If he is upset with his own behaviour, that tells you that there is a way forward. Then seek out some family support in how to respond when your ds is being awful. As part of that, sit down with ds, dh needs to apologise for the violence, and reassure ds that that is not happening again.