I’ve read a lot of the posts on here and your own posts, OP, and there’s a fundamental mismatch. You have pointed out that you were shouting at him to stop, to let you in, etc and 1. He didn’t and 2. He kept banging at the door until it broke while you listened. You’re angry because at that point, no, it’s NOT an accident.
The wood burner is the same. You’ve told him in the past a million times, he knows not to do it at home, yet he did it here.
Yes, they probably weren’t malicious acts. This is true. But no, they weren’t accidents, and you feel angry, because you don’t feel they were accidents. You tried to stop him; he didn’t stop in one case. In the other, he’s had tons of instruction and ignored it.
If he was in a panic and made a mistake, okay. It doesn’t make it an accident; it just explains what happened. A reason for your actions doesn’t somehow erase those actions. If I hit you, and I did that out of panic, it still does not make me hitting you an accident.
But yes, it is your responsibility to teach your son that he can’t just hold up the phrase, “It was an accident,” like a magic shield, and that means he no longer has any responsibility for any damage he’s caused, or any consequences, and doesn’t need to feel any remorse, especially when you asked him to stop, he continued an action, and it caused damage.
Someone mentioned that 10 is the age of criminal responsibility and they’re right. Not because he’s done anything criminal, but because he’s old enough to be held responsible for his actions. And he did choose an action. And he’s showing no remorse.
So tell him the truth. Tell him you now have to pay for the damage he caused and you can’t afford Christmas, and he’ll have a nice Christmas with his father but you’ll have nothing, and if he tries to roll his eyes and say it was an accident again, let yourself get mad, and explain it’s not an accident when you say, “No! Stop!” And he keeps doing something until an expensive object breaks. If he had rented his own room as an adult, rolling his eyes and saying, “It was an accident,” after pushing against a sliding door so hard it broke off its rails, wouldn’t have impressed the yurt owner or most other people - she likely would have charged him even more for damages than she’s charging you. He needs to know this.