There have been in the region of 3000 nuclear tests, above and below ground, since WW2. The main players have stopped of course, but those nations playing "We want one" catch up will have to test them of course.
It would be very interesting to examine any correlation between cumulative test fallout, environmental issues, and the proliferation of new and interesting spikes in health conditions, cancer being an obvious one, and the birth of the "atomic age"
But hush, we must never speak of these things. The benefits out weigh the risks, and MAD will protect us. And if you think otherwise, you're an unpatriotic conspiracy nut.
True story, I've been living with knowledge of this for decades, and my Dad could have done without losing his spleen due to marginal cell lymphoma to be sure.
If we truly knew the cost of these "peacekeeping weapons", there should be riots.
And FFS, Japan should have been enough of a testing ground, it was pretty clear what effect these weapons would have early on. But no, 3000 more checks and advances, just be sure.
My late DP was an air cadet in the 80s. One too many duck and cover drills and he joined CND.