It stands to reason that your dd would have issues with authority figures other than you - the one other authority figure in her life has disappeared from her life, why should she trust anyone else? Add to that what seems like a personality clash.
Perhaps rewards rather than punishment/withdrawal of things would work better at home. So, if you have a good week at school, we'll go for a special day out on Saturday, or something, rather than, no telly/treats tonight if you've been bad. She needs to know you are rock solid there for her, don't become the enemy like the teacher is!
My own memories for you - I have very clear memories of the teacher being wrong and knowing i was right, and I still feel
about being told off for correcting her! And i wasn't a brave live wire like your dd, I was a little mouse!
FYI it was a spelling thing, we had to bring in homework naming words beginning with E. I'm assuming the teacher was teaching phonetically, my word was "envelope" and it just so happened the teacher pronounced it "onvelope" (i don't know many people who pronounce it like that!!). God it was YEARS ago (i must have been about 6 or 7 too!) but I still feel angry, how sad is that!!
In secondary school about 12 yo there was an occasion my grammar was corrected and I KNEW I was right, but it's too complicated to explain it here!
sorry no help but just to illustrate that if that happens to a bright child, it sounds silly but it does shake the child's trust in the authority figure even in a general sense iykwim. I know it did that for me. And your dd has even more reason not to trust her teacher.
That might all be irrelevent psychobabble but you never know there might be something in it!
On your other thread (go into Special Needs and you should find it there) I said sorry for being harsh in this thread, i don't remember what else i said.