Interestingly toilets / facilities they were sexed - mainly mens - to keep women at home. It's almost like it's happening again.. As in they want to make toilets unisex / let men in women's toilets - which often has the same, urinary leash effect
Historically, the lack of public women's restrooms created a "urinary leash." Because Victorian society viewed public urination by women as scandalous, the absence of facilities meant women could only travel as far as their bladders allowed them, severely restricting their ability to work, travel, or participate in public life. 1, 2]
This intentional geographical restriction on women's mobility is well-documented by historians and sociologists: 1, 2]
The "Urinary Leash": During the 19th century, public spaces, transit hubs, and city streets were heavily equipped with men’s urinals, but almost entirely lacked facilities for women. 1, 2]
Forced Confinement: Because "respectable" women could not be seen using the street (unlike men, who openly used street-side urinals or "piss flaps"), they were essentially forced to stay close to home or only visit places where they knew a private toilet was available. 1, 2, 3]
Workplace Discrimination: The historical lack of women's restrooms in commercial buildings and transit lines was even used by many professions as an excuse to avoid hiring women, impeding their economic independence. 1, 2]
The Fight for Facilities: It wasn't until organizations like the Ladies Sanitary Association began campaigning in the 1850s and 1880s that cities began installing the first pay-to-use women's WCs. 1, 2, 3]
For further reading on how urban planning and sanitation shaped women's access to public spaces, you can explore the full history documented by Historic UK or check out the BBC News retrospective on London's historic lack of women's conveniences. 1, 2]