It’s not always about laughter and lattes; sometimes it’s about social hierarchy, even among mums.
I can honestly say that in 26 years of parenting and many of those as a parent of children at school, I have never encountered one of these cliques.
'Even among mums'? What on earth does that mean?
There were friendship groups, some.smaller, some larger. There were individual friendships.
People aren't obliged to he friends or include anyone else.
Some of the 'mums' who didn't work seemed to form stronger friendship groups. My youngest was at a school where there was a fairly big friendship group of women who didn't work (ladies who lunched) and even though our childen are now at university, they are still friends and go on holidays together etc.
I suppose some insecure and desperate to he part of something bigger or lonely people might have regarded them as a clique. But to everyone else, they were just a group of friends who had chosen to be friends. It wasn't a public group open to everyone.