I'm kind of with you @Alfarrobeira. I don't know what the answer is either, other than we can all strive to be better than we were, in light of new information. I don't like a lot about the industry, but I also don't know what we'd do with all the horses if sporting just stopped. I vacillate on this a lot!
Sadly horses (as all other domesticated species) are dependent on us to survive. We cannot offer them a natural habitat for them to thrive, because we've messed them up through breeding in and out various traits. I do think we're far too indiscriminate in breeding though and I think rare/ancient species are important to conserve. But we'd do well to better regulate the minimum standards of how horses are kept and to understand their experiences of pain better, which have largely been anthropomorphised, as pointed out previously.
As far as coercion is concerned, to me this describes manipulation with mal intent and driven purely by self interest. I'm not sure that is what drives the majoirty of horse owners or riders to do what they do. Yes it's lovely and the goal of many to do everything with 100% effort and willingness, but how realistic or common is that, even in humans?! (Genuine question!). I'm minded that, as with children, you do have to be firm and apply a bit of pressure (not physical!) where safety, discipline and health is concerned. We all have to do things we don't want to do, because it's good for us. Feral horses are often driven by the the lead mare, who ticks others off with a baring of teeth and a warning kick. Weak or sick animals are often driven from the herd and abandoned. Stallions assert dominance over bachelors to maintain their role and access to mares, fighting to the death if needs be. Nature itself can be very cruel. We've removed a lot of the natural, very great pressures and stressors, so I don't think it's beyond acceptability to apply a bit of low pressure from time to time to make a horse handleable for vet or farrier at least, but I wouldn't always call pressure and release coercion or abuse.
When my mare is cautious of something I usually stop and give her the space and time to work it out in her mind. Once she's sussed it, that's that, and on we go. But if there is a hidden danger she's not aware of (such as us being close to a road junction where a spook or backing up will put us both in danger) I may well tap with my stick and say come on, we've got this, there's nothing to fear, we need to go forward to safety. For me that's acceptable leadership, and similar in ways to how a horse would treat another horse, not excessive dominance or coercion. But I'm not sure personally I'd be happy doing that just to win a competition though! I am possibly in awe of people who never have to apply pressure in any sense, it's certainly not what I was taught as a child. And I think if most were honest they'd say the same, and that's really what we're in the process of undoing.
I witnessed very harsh ways of dealing with horses when I was growing up (such as one being beaten by my instructor for getting loose and not being caught for ages, as a result of me deciding it was a good idea to lead him out to a paddock with just my hand on his forelock, because I desperately wanted that level of trust! He had his eyes on the prize of long grass and freedom!). I vowed at that time I would never beat a horse or ever cause one to be in that situation again, and I've never needed to. Time and patience, breaking things down, step by step to minimise the amount of pressure that might be needed in any situation, is all I draw on. I don't profess at all to being brilliant at it, there are far better riders and horse people out there than me, but I do my best with the skills, tools and resources I have available, getting in professional support when needed. And we get by.
As with most things though, philosophies can and do get taken to the extreme.