COVID-19 was actually the first time anyone tried a lockdown for any pandemic! Arguably, before the internet, it wouldn't even have been possible.
Also, lockdowns are probably only possible for diseases that have a particular level of lethality. If you had something with a really high IFR, the warehouse workers and delivery people and so on wouldn't work either, emergency services would collapse along with basic lifelines, so sitting there WFH and ordering stuff online wouldn't be possible. If you have something with an IFR lower than COVID, absolutely nobody would pay any attention.
If we get something else with a similar IFR to COVID, well, probably most people won't be as compliant this time, and what will happen is that a lot of older people will die somewhat earlier than they would have done and the average life expectency will be pushed downwards a bit.
Not very nice, but on the other hand, civilization wouldn't collapse either.
For most of human history, we had diseases far more dangerous than COVID circulating all the time as normal, not just during special "pandemic" times. It was crap but humanity went on living and functioning (just about!) regardless.