Disagree that OP wanted to have a judgey moan about her employer.
She’s clearly not a professional tutor, childminder or other otherwise she would know how to handle safeguarding concerns. And would be protected herself by her professional remit.
It’s possible she does domestic work for them?
And the parent goes out when she’s there leaving the daughter there.
She’s seeing that things seem off with this young person and her situation. She’s not a MH expert so she’s not an expert in anxiety, depression or ND issues.
However when she’s used the term neglect, when it does seem there are things lacking in this child’s setup - she’s been silenced into submission by people’s put downs of what is termed neglect by SServices & so she’s understandably trying to say ok I don’t know if it warrants child cruelty but something’s not right.
And she’s made the rightful observation that sometimes people with power because of wealth & status can evade scrutiny purely because of the biases & stereotyping that go on towards people of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
She is probably terrified of reporting her concerns for fear of reprisal & losing probably what is a necessary income for her that she maybe cannot afford to lose, especially at present.
So she’s caught in a catch 22. Neglect is not only defined by the social services definition of the word.
I think she’s in a difficult position. I suggest she try to build more of a relationship with the daughter & find out more about her difficulties, anxiety, panic attacks & what help she’s getting for them. Casually, naturally. Normalising & empathising with her situation. It’s not difficult to ask daughter in conversation oh are you getting help with them? My niece/friend gets them (panic attacks for eg) & they’re horrible aren’t they type thing.
Find out how they stop her from being able to do things. Does she want to do them/see friends but can’t? Find out if the tutor has any thoughts - neutrally - if OP ever sees them alone.
I don’t think it would be unreasonable to equally say to parent (If it is MH/anxiety/panic attacks related) how you know someone with them & it’s really hard for them. Sympathise & say they’ve been really helped by a therapist coming to the home (If daughter has said she gets no formal MH help) as CAMHS can’t offer them any more help & how bad it is when daughter at such critical point in her life with education /social life etc & can’t see any of her friends etc.
Worth a try - but maybe OP has very little chat with her employer & so there’s never any conversation in which case it would be difficult. Usually you get to know a family if you’re working in their home but the relationships & dynamics are difficult & clearly it’s not her role to be a social worker!
Anyway I think it’s tricky for you OP but maybe this could help you understand more about the situation & help what you do next.
If other thing come to light I think you have a safeguarding duty to anonymously report.