Those studies and the conclusions drawn are the high end of NHS style 'report the worst possible outcomes and include no balance or statement that we currently don't know or have evidence that refutes the worst case statement'
They are not the result of valid, rigorous testing but are assumptions drawn from studies into many other behaviours and factors.
The numbers of people with lung damage for example. The vast majority used modified vape kits to smoke marijuana.
The CDC data sheet has that information in it, but few organisations that quote it include that part. Ask yourself why?
For some it will be loss of revenue - like supporters of tobacco companies
Others will be because they want to ban vaping, regardless of what effect that will have on users - modern day Mary Whitehouses
Yet others are collecting the data needed to properly assess the risks and are having their data bastardised,.used out of context or, in some cases, just ignored.
The continued ruckus over this is hyped up by so many factions it is really hard to find reliable information. Even I have difficulty and I have long worked in an NHS smoking cessation programme.