Overall, fathers were significantly more likely to kill their children than mothers, and were more likely to use violent methods of killing, have previous convictions for violent offences, perpetrate multiple killings, and have a history of substance misuse or dependence.
Only 12 countries had available data on how many parental homicides were committed by step-parents, with 7.2% (IQR: 5.7–14.5) of parental homicides committed by step-parents. Out of them, nine studies reported a breakdown, with the median percentage of stepmothers committing homicides among parental homicides being 1.0% (IQR: 0.7–3.3) and for stepfathers 7.4% (IQR: 3.1–17.4).
A trend analysis of homicide data from the annual Homicide Survey conducted by Statistics Canada (total sample number: 1,612 cases) indicates that 57 per cent of those accused of filicide during the period 1961–2011 were males.77 (Filicide was defined, for the purposes of the analysis, as the killing of a child under the age of 18 years by a biological parent or step-parent.)78 Throughout the period analysed, paternal filicide consistently made up the greater proportion of such cases, but the gender gap increased with time.
Focusing exclusively on the period 1994–2011, it can be seen that slightly more than one quarter of the total sample of cases involved a history of family violence (26 per cent). Fathers made up by far the largest share (79 per cent) of the accused, outnumbering mothers (21 per cent) by a ratio of almost 4:1 – a pattern that became more pronounced over the period in question. Revenge and/or jealousy rooted in a desire to exert power and control over women, which are also risk factors for family violence, were identified as motives for filicidal fathers more frequently than for filicidal mothers.
I really need to go to bed...