Honestly, OP, while it certainly doesn't sound as if he's particularly imaginative or all that concerned about your welfare, I can't help but wonder about patterns of behaviour here, particularly your inability to ask directly for what you need (probably, as you say, influenced by you having learned as a child 'not to be a bother'), your intense desire for your partner to respond empathically to questions that you refuse to ask him and your anxiety levels in general.
I'm not unsympathetic about finding it difficult to express your needs I grew up the eldest of a large family where there wasn't much of anything to go around, and what I learned also was 'not to be a bother', and that what my parents wanted and expected from me was to get on with things while they concentrated on the younger ones but as an adult, you are responsible for dealing with your childhood conditioning. I've certainly had to teach myself this. (See a good counsellor for a few targeted sessions?) Asking a committed partner for what you need is not 'princessy'.
What I can't help noticing about your update is that you didn't phone your partner as soon as you knew about the delays so you could have that conversation (a) in real time and (b) he would have had plenty of advance notice of needing to come and get you. BUT you kept texting him saying you didn't know what to do after you'd arrived, as if again, you were refusing to ask him to come and pick you up, but were hoping he would offer.
The other thing that stands out is your level of anxiety about the whole journey, in prospect and when it was happening. Even before you left on your journey home, you were already upset and resentful your DP hadn't offered to collect you, and by the time you arrived at your end station after the delay, you were wandering around 'sobbing like a moron'. Why, OP? No, it's no fun having big rail delays, and I could understand you being intimidated if you were in a strange place, or a country where you didn't speak the language well -- but this is your closest city! You live a short drive away! You presumably know where there are hotels that aren't next to the station, and you could have got a cab to a nicer one, or tried an Uber, or phoned a mini-cab base you know and trust, if you didn't have a friend who could put you up.
But you mention being 'angry' by this stage, and it's hard to avoid thinking that part of you didn't want to find a sensible solution and was thinking 'Look at the big mess his thoughtlessness has got me into -- serve him right if I'm murdered in my nasty hotel!'
What would you have done if you lived alone and were faced with the same predicament and you weren't half-hoping someone would collect you?