Driving is an absolutely fundamental life skill.
A massive exaggeration. If it was that fundamental, how would so many millions get on perfectly well without doing it?
You are limiting options so much by not being a driver
But no one has limitless options. Do you speak any language other than English? If not, aren’t you limiting your options to live and work abroad? If you train in one discipline, you automatically limit your options to work in another. Life isn’t a giant pick ‘n’ mix counter.
OK so you live on London but what happens if you want to rent a country holiday cottage, hire a car abroad, hire a van to move stuff.
I hired a lovely cottage in Ludlow a few years ago. Just over an hour on the train from Birmingham, ten minutes’ walk from the station; a combination of beautiful scenery and amenities nearby.
As for going abroad, I’ve been four times this year, which I’d wager is higher than average. Everywhere I’ve been it’s been easy to get around without a car. There are thousands of beautiful places worldwide where a car is unnecessary. Most people only get a limited amount of annual leave. Would you really spend a fortune on learning to drive just in case you decided you absolutely had to spend one of your two or three holidays a year (for example) in somewhere utterly remote?
What if a great opportunity comes up not in London.
Great opportunities just ‘coming up’ is rare. I can’t speak for everyone, but it would have to be really great for me to uproot myself, regardless of car ownership. Also, if you work in London in the kind of industry where you’re likely to get headhunted, great opportunities outside London are likely to be in Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow... not Wells-Next-the-Sea or Aberdovey. It is possible to get around other major cities without driving.
In any case, surely if the opportunity is so great that I want to relocate to take it, I can build the location of the company into my house search? Also, not learning to drive is not an irreversible decision. What’s to stop me beginning lessons once I’ve accepted the job?
What if your driving partner can't anymore?
Again, I can’t speak for anyone else, but I’d never live somewhere where I was reliant on my partner to drive me - any more than I would rely on a partner to cook or clean.
As for the poster saying when they organise meet up with friends they are always pressed onto accepting a lift, don't you get you are restricting where you can meet up because they have to think about you and your public transport?
You mean sometimes people have to - shock horror - think about people other than themselves?!?! 
There’s ALWAYS a restriction when choosing somewhere for a group to meet up. Even if everyone drives, it might be a 10-minute drive for one person and a 30-minute drive for another. What if the driver is the minority in the group and the non-drivers feel they can’t suggest somewhere with limited or expensive parking options?
What do you do in other scenarios? If you have a vegetarian friend, do you resent them because you ‘have to think’ about food options for them when choosing a restaurant? Do you find it restricting if friends with children don’t want to meet up more than 30 minutes away because it means paying for an extra hour’s babysitting?
I regard it has a parents duty in raising a child to be a functioning adult to make sure they learn to drive
My dad was like you. Obsessed with the idea that I had to learn the minute I turned 17. I gave in, was useless and hated every second. He wasted his money and I wasted my time.
I look back now and realise he was also obsessed with a big house in the suburbs and then retiring to the middle of nowhere. His ideal required a car; mine is different and doesn’t.