Ok, clearly this can't go on OP. I haven't read the whole thread as I'm late but I didn't want to read and run. Firstly, this isn't entirely your fault as some posters are suggesting, the dog has developed behaviour in response to something of course but that could be anything. I definitely think you're doing the right thing putting some space between your family and the dog until emotions run smoother and you've all had some sleep then you'll be better equipped to deal with the behaviour.
You need to go back to puppy training - strict and firm routine, no attention at all for undesirable behaviour, loads of praise and treats for good behaviour, clear exercise schedule. This means the dog will always know what will happen next so will have no need to become distressed. Easier said than done yes, but it pays off.
Not all dogs are happy with a crate but you could try it, you put him in a couple of times a day for 'quiet time' and always give him a treat so that he starts to enjoy being in there. Build it up to night times, as using it straight away will only make him distressed at being locked away. He needs to see it as a haven, maybe out some of you ur familiy's old clothing in there so he has the comfort of you all.
The exercise is key here, he needs a walk on a morning, something more energetic after lunch time and then a walk on an evening to prepare him for bed. He would also benefit from an adaptil adaptor which emits the calming hormone - it takes a few weeks to have an effect but it certainly works. I'd also go back to the vet, if the barking at night is because of distress there may be something you can give him to calm him down and from that the night barking habit (which it sounds like it is now) can break.
It's not easy OP, and it's horrible for you to feel so frustrated at something you love. It isn't an easy fix but you can fix it. I second getting advice from a behaviourist too, they're expensive but they'll be able to help if you feel that you're stuck.
Good luck OP! Get some sleep x