Making abortion illegal punishes women enough. By killing doctors who know how to perform safe abortions, you indirectly kill women who are then forced to try to do abortions at home.
And that's the only reason why conservatives don't say aloud that they want women who get abortions punished: It make it harder to see that they hate women, while the harm done to women is not meaningfully reduced.
Besides, imprisoning all women who had an abortion would be less effective in reducing the availability of safe abortions than threatening the people with the skills and knowledge.
If a woman has a safe abortion, and you imprison her, then this will not keep other women from accessing safe abortions - after all, not even the risk of death keeps women from trying unsafe abortions at home, so a prison sentence is unlikely to have any effect.
The medical professionals are not that desperate, and may stop providing abortions if threatened enough.
I admit, I am quite the bit surprised that conservatives don't like what Trump said, and he probably is, too. I suppose it is a good thing there's a limit to the woman-hating that the public will tolerate, but I wouldn't have hoped for it.