I'm shocked to see that ESOL isn't free everywhere - thanks PP: in the past 7 years, I've lived in several major NE cities, one major NW and one small SW one, in all of which there is and continues to be quite extensive free provision, as there is in my home area in the SE. I suppose this is something where local councils have control, then, and decide what is and what isn't?
I have been a volunteer on both council and charitably run schemes since I move back to the UK a decade ago (am qualified, before anyone asks, but it's not my day job) everywhere I've lived: certainly where I live now, there is an issue with women's access, particularly in communities where the tradition is often to return "home" to find a wife. However, the lowest take up at all, and the hardest to access community of all, is one that doesn't follow this practice: they have a relatively high proportion on LP families, which may be part of it (child care etc) but all sorts of settings have been tried and there's very little interest. Women from this community in general seem to have very little interest in integrating - but their children do a fantastic job, and generally are highly motivated towards education, very integrated, and do really well. I don't know whether it's because they seem it as an unnecessary skill, as they hope to return "home" one day, or what it is.
Also, in the biggest mosque in our city, people tend to focus mainly on their own nationality, even within things like the Sisters' Group etc People speak etc of course to others, but overwhelmingly associations and friendships are formed between people of the same country of origin, even when they may have the same native language as others from different countries.
But - language learning should be free for all in this country: I'm absolutely shocked to discover that it's not free in every area. It is worth investing in the funding necessary to enable people to be functioning members of the host society, aside from all the very real social and community implications of language ability.