Dd1 is constantly harassed by the same group of girls. The ring leader is a former "friend". Tbh she bullied dd1 when they were friends. I think she is a bit obsessed with dd1. The friendship became too much for dd1, who shut things down when the constant "You made me cry at school today when you talked to X. I thought I was your only BFF" messages at daft o clock at night started escalating to this girl asking dd1 to bully others. This girl is very manipulative and has turned most of the other girls in the class against dd1, by spreading lies about her. One of the girls has told dd1 in confidence that she is only joining in because the ring leader has told her that she will bully her also if she does not.
There is nothing dd1 could have done or not done to stop this. She wears the up to date fashions, has the "in" phone, nice hair etc. She does not act bratty or weak. Her teacher tells me she is a genuinely lovely girl and a pleasure to have around and gets on well with everyone outside of this particular group. He can't understand why they are so nasty to her and was very upset when I showed him some of the pictures she'd made about how she feels at school.
It cooled off for a while after I went to the school daily for two weeks about what these girls had been doing but has recently started back up, since dd1 has made new friends and started moving on. I think this incensed the ring leader, who has stepped things up again. I've made the school aware that if it descends into being as bad as it was the first time round I will be referring the matter to the police as harassment. They message her constantly on Instagram/Skype, we've screenshot and saved every message or nasty comment. When she blocks them, they get others to message her on their behalf. I've taken her off Instagram and Skype at one point but she got very upset and said she felt she was being punished for being bullied, so I allowed her back on but monitor it more closely. We immediately block anyone who acts on behalf of the bullies and she can still keep in touch with friends and family who live away.
Dd2 otoh has a birds nest for hair. Regularly falls in mud or climbs a tree on her way to school, bases her fashion sense on the Little Orphan Annie and has never been bullied and is loved by all. I can only put that down to her sense of humour and laid back confidence, she genuinely does not care if she is messy or if people do not like her. As long as she can still climb trees and run wild, all is good in her world. If she was bullied I doubt she'd even notice. She's also not adverse to violence if she feels pushed far enough, whereas dd1 would never hit back.
I think it's wrong to believe that the victim has any control over whether they are bullied and could easily lead to victim blaming. The only way to not be bullied is to not cross paths with a bully.