As someone who works with teenagers, the biggest issue in seriously disaffected teenagers lives is long term inadequate parenting.
I am not talking about teenagers who go through teenage angst and typical challenging behaviour at times. They respond to boundaries because they are used to them. They have parents who lve and support them- however well off or not they are financially.
I am talking about teenagers who have had years of awful parenting - emotional and physical neglect, addictions, no boundaries, little time spent with them, not enough love and stability, families not built on a set of shared decent values- work and education is important , take responsibility, kindness and respect to everyone, affection, giving something back, no violence, cleanliness, encouragement, taking care of what you have, honesty matters etc. These are the things that build resilience in children.
As children come to us at 11 we can see which ones are going to struggle with life because they just can not cope. Very little makes a difference by then.
As a society we are scared to speak up about this and tell these parents they are getting it really wrong and to intervene. Instead we mollycoddle them with support workers, benefits, people who do things for them, we make excuses for them, give them what they won't provide. There are billions thrown at compensating for and supporting people who are rubbish parents and inadequate members of society and who don't bother to do the right things as parents. CB has made a living from doing it. She is wealthy from it.
It becomes self- perpetuating, the children go on to be awful parents and keep the pattern going.