This is a comprehensive and impartial analysis of the Swedish model by Canadians. All of it is interesting, but relevant to our topic of debate:
These witnesses argued that under the Swedish law prostitution has not decreased, but has been pushed underground, putting prostitutes in more dangerous situations where they are increasingly vulnerable to pimps and violent clients. As evidence, they cite discussions with prostitutes in Sweden, and point to reports such as the Working Group on the Legal Regulation of the Purchase of Sexual Services? report, which states that despite an immediate reduction in street prostitution after the law was implemented, the numbers have since stabilized, street prostitution having increased in Malmö and decreased in Gothenburg and Stockholm.246 The National Board of Health and Welfare also noted that although the number of persons selling sexual services seemed to have diminished in major urban centres after the law was introduced, numbers had not diminished on a national scale ? the theory being prostitutes had left major urban centres and gone towards side streets in the suburbs. They argue that this means that persons selling sexual services have become more geographically and socially marginalized, and it is harder for services to get in touch with them. These reports also emphasized increasing use of cell phones and the Internet, suggesting that prostitution did not disappear, it has just adapted.
These witnesses247 argued that Swedish prostitutes feel endangered by the laws, and that because the industry has gone underground, the violence has increased. There are fewer safe places to work, there is limited time for screening clients, and only the more dangerous clients ? who are not afraid of the law ? remain. Because there is more competition and less money to be made, individuals selling sexual services are also more willing to take risks, for example, no longer insisting on the use of condoms. This fact is compounded by the fact that police look for condoms as evidence of prostitution, so prostitutes are less likely to carry them. Witnesses commented that individuals selling sexual services are also apprehensive about the legal protections afforded them under the new law and are thus less likely to report abusive clients to police. Because prostitutes must remain hidden, witnesses point out that informal networks between persons selling sexual services have weakened, increasing opportunities for abuse from dangerous clients or exploitative pimps. The Working Group on the Legal Regulation of the Purchase of Sexual Services points out that there is no documentary evidence from the hospitals or police indicating more violence directed towards prostitutes, but there is significant evidence indicating that the market has become tougher and more prone to violence.
Witnesses such as Katrina Pacey, Director of the PIVOT Legal Society, expressed concern that by pushing prostitution underground, the Swedish law is having a significant detrimental effect upon the most marginalized persons. A document referred to the Subcommittee by Frances Shaver also indicates that prostitutes live a marginalized existence in Sweden, making it potentially even harder for them to exit the trade. They are unable to live with partners because it is illegal to receive any of a prostitute?s income, and many individuals also fear loss of custody of their children if it is ever revealed that they sell sex.248
Finally, it is important to note difficulties with enforcement of the Swedish law. The Working Group on the Legal Regulation of the Purchase of Sexual Services noted that indoor prostitution is not a significant target of law enforcement in Sweden, as it is too resource intensive, although two thirds of prostitution in Sweden takes place indoors.249 Other commentators have observed the difficulty of prosecuting clients who must essentially be caught in the act to be charged. Evidence against pimps is also elusive, as it necessitates the cooperation of clients and persons selling sexual services, neither of which party is usually willing to reveal their activities to the police.250