Honestly, it just sounds like a reasonable adjustment that has been poorly-managed.
You shouldn't be receiving snarky comments. If your team have an issue with it or are concerned with how this impacts their workload/stress-they need to leave you out of it and talk with their manager.
Depending on the role, I can understand how some colleagues may become resentful if someone taking extra extended breaks meant I had to do extra work and it increased my stress.
If your work is "self-contained" i.e., you have a caseload that you alone have to work and are able to manage it with taking the additional breaks-fine. I can't see why that would be an issue.
However, if your additional breaks meant someone else had to pick up your slack or their work is dependent on you doing yours and they're having to wait extra for you (which push back their ability to meet any targets/deadlines) then I can absolutely understand how your colleagues may be feeling.
Either way-this is for your manager to sort-not you. A reasonable adjustment is there to enable people with additional needs-permanent or temporary-to function at the same level as everyone else. It's not a privilege and it's not fair of your colleagues to openly make sarcastic remarks to you.
However, a reasonable adjustment may not be reasonable if it negatively impacts the business, the customer or the team. That's what needs to be addressed-is the team negatively impacted by the repeated additional breaks and if so, how can this be mitigated?
For example, if you're taking an additional hour break per day-that's 5 hours lost per week-would there be a way to make that up, either in short chunks a day spread across the week?
In the end-if your need of additional breaks is increasing-rather than decreasing or remaining stable-are they working? Or, would you be better off going to a doctor and being signed off for a period of time? I know that may seem counterintuitive- but it's always better to take the time that you actually need to get better than it is to force yourself in and make yourself worse (and potentially increase the chances of a relapse-for want of a better word).
Have a discussion with your manager. Mention the snide comments and be open and honest about how things are going for you.