I think we are probably looking at Wilful Neglect with individuals in the trust liable.
Mental Health Act 1983 section 127
Ill-treatment of patients.
(1)It shall be an offence for any person who is an officer on the staff of or otherwise employed in, or who is one of the managers of, a hospital [F1, independent hospital or care home]—
(a)to ill-treat or wilfully to neglect a patient for the time being receiving treatment for mental disorder as an in-patient in that hospital or home; or
(b)to ill-treat or wilfully to neglect, on the premises of which the hospital or home forms part, a patient for the time being receiving such treatment there as an out-patient.
(2)It shall be an offence for any individual to ill-treat or wilfully to neglect a mentally disordered patient who is for the time being subject to his guardianship under this Act or otherwise in his custody or care (whether by virtue of any legal or moral obligation or otherwise).
(3)Any person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—
(a)on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or to both;
(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding [five years] or to a fine of any amount, or to both.
(4)No proceedings shall be instituted for an offence
Mental Capacity Act 2005 section 44
Ill-treatment or neglect
(1)Subsection (2) applies if a person (“D”)—
(a)has the care of a person (“P”) who lacks, or whom D reasonably believes to lack, capacity,
(b)is the donee of a lasting power of attorney, or an enduring power of attorney (within the meaning of Schedule 4), created by P, or
(c)is a deputy appointed by the court for P.
(2)D is guilty of an offence if he ill-treats or wilfully neglects P.
(3)A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—
(a)on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding [the general limit in a magistrates’ court] or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both;
(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine or both.
What the legal definition of Wilful Neglect?
I'm struggling to find a definitive answer to this but it's basically a deliberate or reckless act which is a conscious failure to provide necessary care or a reckless disregard for the patient's well-being or an extreme failure to meet the expected standard of care with the exclusion of genuine errors and accidents. One of the key phrases seems to be
Wilful neglect involves deliberately not doing something that the person knew they ought to have done. Which in the context of the title of this thread, seems to be pretty on the money...
Liability is both individual and institutional (and would include managers setting policy)
With this in mind, the Darlington ruling really really should be a wake up call for NHS lawyers and liability managers...